1. Ipulasitiki esekelwe kubhayoloji elingana namapulasitiki angaboli
Ngokwezincazelo ezifanele, amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio abhekisela kumapulasitiki akhiqizwa ama-microorganisms asekelwe ezintweni zemvelo ezifana nesitashi. I-biomass ye-bioplastics synthesis ingavela kummbila, umoba noma i-cellulose. Futhi ipulasitiki ebolayo, ibhekisela ezimweni zemvelo (ezifana nenhlabathi, isihlabathi namanzi olwandle, njll.) noma izimo ezithile (njengokwenza umquba, izimo zokugaya i-anaerobic noma isiko lamanzi, njll.), ngesenzo se-microbial (njengamagciwane, isikhunta, isikhunta kanye nolwelwe, njll.) kubangele ukuwohloka, futhi ekugcineni ukubola kwaba yi-carbon dioxide, i-methane yezinto ezingaphili, usawoti wepulasitiki, namanzi amasha. Amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-Bio achazwa futhi ahlukaniswe ngokusekelwe kumthombo wokubunjwa kwezinto; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amapulasitiki angaboli, ahlukaniswa ngokombono wokuphela kwempilo. Ngamanye amazwi, u-100% wamapulasitiki abolayo angase angaboli, kuyilapho amanye amapulasitiki endabuko asekelwe ku-petroleum, njenge-butylene terephthalate (PBAT) kanye ne-polycaprolactone (PCL), angaba.
2. I-Biodegradable ibhekwa njengento engaboli
Ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki kubhekisela ezimweni zemvelo (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umswakama, umoya-mpilo, njll.) ngaphansi komphumela wezinguquko eziphawulekayo esakhiweni, inqubo yokulahlekelwa kokusebenza. Ingahlukaniswa ngokuwohloka kwemishini, i-biodegradation, i-photodegradation, i-thermo-oxygen degradation kanye nokuwohloka kwe-photooxygen. Ukuthi ipulasitiki izomosheka ngokuphelele yini kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukucwebezela, izithasiselo, ama-microorganisms, izinga lokushisa, i-pH yendawo kanye nesikhathi. Uma zingekho izimo ezifanele, amapulasitiki amaningi awonakele awakwazi nje kuphela ukubola ngokuphelele, kodwa angase abe nemiphumela emibi emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Njengengxenye yokuwohloka kwe-oksijeni yezithasiselo zepulasitiki, kuphela ukuphuka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuchithwa kwezinhlayiya zepulasitiki ezingabonakali.
3. Cabangela ukuwohloka kwemvelo ngaphansi kwesimo somquba wezimboni njengokuwohloka kwemvelo endaweni yemvelo
Awukwazi ukudweba ncamashi uphawu olulinganayo phakathi kwakho kokubili. Amapulasitiki ahlanganiswe ne-compostable ayingxenye ye-biodegradable plastics. Amapulasitiki angaboli futhi afaka amapulasitiki angaboli ngendlela ye-anaerobic. Ipulasitiki Compostable ibhekisela epulasitiki ezimweni composting, ngokusebenzisa isenzo microorganisms, enkathini ethile yesikhathi ibe carbon dioxide, amanzi kanye mineralized nosawoti wezinto ezingaphili nezinto ezintsha eziqukethwe izakhi, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa umquba esindayo kokuqukethwe metal, ubuthi test, imfucumfucu residual kufanele ihlangabezane nezinhlinzeko zezindinganiso ezifanele. Amapulasitiki avundile angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe umquba wezimboni kanye nomquba wasengadini. Amapulasitiki afakwa i-Compostable emakethe ngokuyisisekelo angamapulasitiki abolayo ngaphansi kwesimo sokwenza umquba wezimboni. Ngoba ngaphansi kwesimo somquba wepulasitiki ungowe-biodegradable, ngakho-ke, uma kulahlwa ipulasitiki evundile (njengamanzi, inhlabathi) endaweni yemvelo, ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki endaweni yemvelo kuhamba kancane, akukwazi ukuchithwa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi esifushane, njenge-carbon dioxide namanzi emiphumela yayo emibi emvelweni kanye nepulasitiki yendabuko, awukho umehluko omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi amapulasitiki angaboli, lapho ehlanganiswe namanye amapulasitiki agaywa kabusha, anganciphisa izakhiwo nokusebenza kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha. Isibonelo, isitashi ku-polylactic acid singaholela emigodini namachashaza efilimu eyenziwe ngepulasitiki egaywe kabusha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2022