Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icapiro ry’icyatsi ryabaye ikintu gikomeye mu nganda zicapura, inganda zicapa zibanda ku nshingano z’icapiro ry’icyatsi kibisi, akamaro k’ibidukikije icyarimwe nazo zigomba gutekereza ku mpinduka z’ibiciro yazanywe na yo. Kuberako, mugikorwa cyo gushyira mubikorwa icapiro ryicyatsi, ibigo byandika bigomba gukora byinshi bishya, nko kugura ibikoresho bishya byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije n’ibikoresho bifasha, kwinjiza ibikoresho bishya no guhindura uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ibidukikije, nibindi, igiciro cyumusaruro usanga kiri hejuru kuruta icapiro risanzwe. Ibi birimo inyungu zihuse zinganda zicapura, ishami ryandika ryashinzwe hamwe n’abaguzi, bityo uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga yumvikana mugikorwa cyo gucapa icyatsi kibaye ingingo yingenzi yubushakashatsi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, leta ninzego zibanze bashyizeho politiki zimwe zijyanye no gucapa icyatsi, bafata nkinkunga cyangwa inkunga yo gushishikariza inganda zicapura guteza imbere icapiro ryatsi. Ishyirahamwe ry’icapiro rya Beijing ryanateguye cyane impuguke mu nganda gukora ubushakashatsi no gutanga ibipimo by’inkunga yo gucapa icyatsi. Iyi ngingo isobanura mu buryo burambuye igipimo cyibiciro hamwe na formulaire yerekana icyatsi kibisi, gishobora gufasha muburyo bwo gushyira mu gaciro igiciro cyo gucapa icyatsi.
1. Gutomora igipimo cyibiciro byo gucapa icyatsi
Gutomora igipimo cyibiciro byicapiro ryicyatsi bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere ubuziranenge bwiza bwibigo byandika no gusuzuma imiyoborere.
1) Inyongeramusaruro yicyatsi ishobora kugarurwa ntabwo igiciro. Niba uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda ikomatanyirijwe hamwe irashobora gukoreshwa, amafaranga yavuyemo arashobora guhagarika ishoramari mubikoresho byo kubungabunga ibidukikije nyuma yigihe runaka. Ibigo bimwe byandika byifashisha isosiyete-y-igice cyafunze loop ishinzwe gushora no kugarura ibikoresho byo kuvura, nta sosiyete icapura yivanga mukuzenguruka kwagaciro, birumvikana ko bitagaragarira mubiciro byo gucapa.
2) Icyatsi kibisi ntabwo gisubirwamo ibiciro. Nkamahugurwa yo gucapa icyatsi kugirango ashyireho amategeko n'amabwiriza, kwemeza no gusuzuma ibiciro, kugura ibyapa byanditseho icyatsi, wino, igisubizo cyisoko, amazi yoza imodoka, laminating / guhambira hamwe nibindi biciro byuzuye, nibindi, ntibishobora gutunganywa uhereye kumuzingo wo gukira, birashobora kubarwa neza cyangwa kubarwa, kugeza kubikorwa byo hanze byo gucapa ibyapa byicyatsi hamwe nabantu bashinjwe.
2. Gupima neza Ibintu byemewe
Ibintu byigiciro mubisanzwe nibintu byigiciro bihari, kandi ingaruka zicyatsi zirashobora kugaragara mubikoresho byacapwe cyangwa birashobora kugenzurwa. Isosiyete icapura irashobora kwishyuza icyatsi kibisi ishyaka, komisiyo ishinzwe kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mukuzamura igiciro cyibicuruzwa byacapwe.
1) Impapuro
Impapuro zigomba gupima itandukaniro riri hagati yimpapuro zemejwe n’amashyamba nimpapuro rusange, nkigiciro cyemewe n’ishyamba igiciro cyamayero 600 / gutumiza, hamwe nubwoko bumwe bwimpapuro zidafite icyemezo cyamafaranga 500 yuan / gutumiza, itandukaniro riri hagati yibi ni 100 yuan / gutumiza, bihwanye no kuzamuka kwibiciro kumpapuro zacapwe zingana 100 / gutondekanya ÷ 1000 = 0.10 Yuan / urupapuro rwanditse.
2) Icyapa cya CTP
Buri folio icyatsi kibisi cyiyongera kubisahani yicyatsi hamwe nibisanzwe bitandukanya ibiciro. Kurugero, igiciro cyibisahani kibisi ni 40 Yuan / m2, igiciro cyibisahani rusange ni 30 Yuan / m2, itandukaniro ni 10 Yu kuri metero kare. Niba verisiyo ya folio yo kubara, ubuso bwa 0,787m × 1.092m ÷ 2 ≈ 43m2, ni 43% ya 1m2, bityo buri feri yicyatsi kibisi cyiyongereye kibarwa nka 10 yuan × 43% = 4.3 yuan / folio.
Kubera ko umubare w'icapiro utandukana bitewe n'akarere, iyo ubaze ukurikije ibicapo 5000, izamuka ryibiciro byicyatsi kibisi CTP kuri folio ni 4.3 ÷ 5000 = 0.00086, naho izamuka ryibiciro byicyapa kibisi CTP kuri folio ni 0.00086 × 2 = 0.00172.
3) Ink
Irangi ry'icyatsi rikoreshwa mugucapura, formula yo kubara izamuka ryibiciro kuri folio yicapiro 1.000 kuri folio ya wino yicyatsi 1.000 icapiro = ingano ya wino kuri folio yibicapiro 1.000 × (igiciro cyibice bya wino yangiza ibidukikije - igiciro cyibara rya wino rusange).
Muri iyi nyandiko yo gucapa wino yumukara nkurugero, ukeka ko buri folio yibihumbi n'ibihumbi icapiro rya wino ya 0.15kg, soya ya soya ya 30 yuan / kg, igiciro rusange cya wino ya 20 yuan / kg, gukoresha icapiro rya soya kuri folio yo gucapa ibiciro byongera uburyo bwo kubara nuburyo bukurikira
0.15 × (30-20) = 1.5 yuan / folio igihumbi = 0.0015 Yuan / urupapuro rwa folio = 0.003 Yuan / urupapuro
4) Ibifatika byo kumurika
Kwemeza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byo kumurika, formula yo kubara igiciro cyicyatsi kibisi kuri buri gufungura
Igiciro cyicyatsi kibisi kuri buri gufungura = ingano yumuti ukoreshwa kuri buri gufungura × (igiciro cyibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije - igiciro cyibikoresho rusange)
Niba ingano yo gufatira kuri buri jambo rifunguye 7g / m2 × 43% ≈ 3g / ifungura, igiciro cyo kurengera ibidukikije gifata 30 yuan / kg, igiciro rusange cy’ibiti bifata 22 yu / kg, noneho buri jambo ryibiciro byatsi byiyongera = 3 × (30-22) / 1000 = 0.024
5) Guhambira ibishishwa bishyushye
Gukoresha ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bihuza ibishishwa bishyushye, kuri buri cyapa kibisi kibisi gihuza amafaranga yo gushiraho
Amafaranga yo guhambira kuri icapiro ryicyatsi kibisi cyongeweho amafaranga yiyongera = ingano yumuti ushushe ushushe kuri icapiro × (igiciro cyicyatsi kibisi gishyushye igiciro - igiciro rusange gishyushye gishyushye)
Twabibutsa ko iyi formulaire ikoreshwa gusa kuri EVA ishyushye yumuti ushushe, nko gukoresha ibishishwa bya PUR bishyushye, kubera ko ikoreshwa ryayo ari kimwe cya kabiri cyumuti wa EVA ushushe, ugomba guhindura formula yavuzwe haruguru kuburyo bukurikira
PUR ishyushye-yashizemo ibicuruzwa byo gutumiza kurupapuro = PUR ishyushye-yometse kumashanyarazi kumpapuro × igiciro cyikiguzi - rusange gishyushye-gishishwa gikoreshwa kumpapuro × igiciro cyigice
Niba igiciro cyibice bya PUR gishyushye gishyushye ari 63 yuan / kg, ingano ya 0.3g / icapiro; EVA ishyushye yometse kuri 20 yuan / kg, ingano ya 0.8g / icapiro, hanyuma hariho 0.3 × 63 / 1000-0.8 × 20/1000 = 0.0029 yuan / icapiro, bityo PUR ishyushye yo gushonga ibishishwa bigomba kuba 0.0029 yuan / icapiro.
3. Ibice bidashobora gupimwa nkibintu byishyurwa
Ntushobora gupimwa nibintu byigiciro, nkibiciro byo gusuzuma ibyemezo, ishyirwaho rya sisitemu yicyatsi, gushyiraho imyanya mishya hamwe namafaranga yo kuyobora; inzira yingamba zitagira ingaruka kandi zidafite ingaruka mbi; iherezo ryo gucunga imyanda itatu. Iki gice cyicyifuzo nukwongera ikiguzi ku ijanisha runaka (urugero, 10%, nibindi) byumubare wibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru.
Twabibutsa ko ingero zavuzwe haruguru ziba ari ibitekerezo, kugirango zerekanwe gusa. Kubipimo nyabyo, amakuru mubipimo byo gucapa agomba kubazwa / guhitamo. Kubyamakuru ataboneka mubipimo, ibipimo nyabyo bigomba gufatwa kandi amahame yinganda, ni ukuvuga amakuru ashobora kugerwaho nisosiyete isanzwe icapa, igomba gukoreshwa.
4. Izindi Gahunda
Igikorwa cyo gucapa icyatsi kibisi cy’ishyirahamwe ry’icapiro rya Beijing ryakozwe hakiri kare, kandi muri icyo gihe, ibintu byapimwe ni impapuro, gukora amasahani, wino, hamwe n’ibishishwa bishyushye byo gufunga. Noneho birasa nkaho ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutekerezwa muburyo butaziguye mubintu biriho byigiciro, nkibisubizo byamasoko namazi yoza imodoka birashoboka kumenya cyangwa kubara amakuru asabwa, cyane cyane kuri folio ibihumbi ibihumbi (ibigo byandika bimwe byoza amazi kumunsi kumashini 20 ~ 30kg), kugirango ubare ikiguzi cyo gucapa amakuru yambere ukurikije formula ikurikira.
1) Gukoresha igisubizo cyibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije
Kongera igiciro kuri folio ya 1.000 icapiro = umubare kuri folio ya 1.000 icapiro × (igiciro cyibisubizo byumuti wibidukikije - igiciro rusange cyibisubizo byisoko)
2) Gukoresha amazi yoza imodoka yangiza ibidukikije
Kwiyongera kw'ibiciro kuri folio = dosiye kuri folio × (igiciro cyibiciro byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije - igiciro cyibiciro byamazi yoza imodoka)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2023