Parizvino isu tinoshandisa inochinjika yekurongedza firimu zvigadzirwa, izvo chaizvo ndezvezvinhu zvisiri-kuora. Kunyangwe nyika zhinji nemabhizinesi akazvipira kuvandudza zvinhu zvinoshatisa, asi izvo zvinoshatisa zvinogona kushandiswa kuchinjika kurongedza hazvisati zvatsiviwa nekugadzirwa kwakakura. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita nyika kuchengetedzwa kwemhoteredzo, mapurovhinzi mazhinji nemaguta akapa muganho wepurasitiki kana kunyange mune dzimwe nzvimbo dze "kurambidza mitemo yepurasitiki. Naizvozvo, kune anochinjika mabhizinesi ekurongedza, kunzwisisa kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvinoshatisa, iko kushandiswa kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvinoshatisa, kuti uwane yakasvibira yakagadzikana yekurongedza nzvimbo.
Plastic degradation inoreva mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza (tembiricha, humidity, unyoro, okisijeni, nezvimwewo), chimiro chayo chine shanduko huru, maitiro ekurasikirwa kwekuita.
Nzira yekusvibisa inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ayo ekushatisa, mapurasitiki anoparara anogona kupatsanurwa kuita mapurasitiki anogona kuparara, biodegradable mapurasitiki, photobiodegradable mapurasitiki uye kemikari inoparara. Biodegradable mapurasitiki anogona kukamurwa kuita akazara biodegradable mapurasitiki uye asina kukwana biodestructive mapurasitiki.
1. Photodegradable mapurasitiki
Photodegradable plastiki inoreva mapurasitiki zvinhu muchiedza chezuva kutsemuka kuora kwekuita, kuitira kuti zvinhu muchiedza chezuva mushure menguva yenguva zvirasikirwe simba remagetsi, ive upfu, vamwe vanogona kuwedzera kuparara kwehutachiona, mune zvakasikwa kutenderera kwezvakatipoteredza. Mune mamwe mazwi, mushure mekunge molecular chain ye photodegradable plastic yaparadzwa ne photochemical method, ipurasitiki icharasikirwa nesimba rayo uye embrittlement, uye yobva yava upfu kuburikidza nekuora kwechisikigo, kupinda muvhu, uye kupindazve mubiological cycle pasi pekuita kwe microorganisms.
2. Biodegradable mapurasitiki
Biodegradation inowanzotsanangurwa se: biodegradation inoreva maitiro ekuchinja kwemakemikari emakomponi kuburikidza nekuita kwema enzymes ehupenyu kana kuparara kwekemikari inogadzirwa nehutachiona. Muchiitiko ichi, kuonda kwemifananidzo, hydrolysis, oxidative degradation uye mamwe maitiro anogona kuitika.
Biodegradable plastic mechanism ndeye: nebhakitiriya kana hydrolase polymer zvinhu mucarbon dioxide, methane, mvura, mineralized inorganic salts uye mapurasitiki matsva. Mune mamwe mazwi, mapurasitiki anoodegradable mapurasitiki anodzikisira nekuita kwezvipembenene zvinowanzoitika senge mabhakitiriya, molds (fungi) uye algae.
Iyo yakanakira biodegradable plastiki imhando yepolymer zvinhu zvine mashandiro akanaka, ayo anogona kuodzwa zvachose nemasikirini ezvakatipoteredza uye pakupedzisira ave chikamu chekabhoni kutenderera mune zvakasikwa. Ndiko kuti, kuparara muchikamu chinotevera chemamorekuru kunogona kuwedzera kuparara kana kubatwa nemabhakitiriya echisikigo, nezvimwe.
Nheyo ye biodegradation yakakamurwa kuita makirasi maviri: chekutanga, kune biophysical degradation, apo microbial kurwiswa mushure mekukukurwa kwezvinhu zvepolymer, nekuda kwekukura kwebiological kutetepa kwakagadzirwa polymer zvikamu hydrolysis, ionization kana proton uye kupatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zve oligomer, iyo molecular chimiro chepolymer hachichinji, iyo polymer biophysical basa reiyo degradation process. Rudzi rwechipiri ndeye biochemical degradation, nekuda kwekuita kwakananga kwema microorganisms kana enzymes, iyo polymer decomposition kana oxidative degradation kuita mamorekuru madiki, kusvika kupera kwekupedzisira kwecarbon dioxide nemvura, iyi degradation mode ndeye biochemical degradation mode.
2. Biodestructive degradation yepurasitiki
Biodestructive degradable plastics, anozivikanwawo semapurasitiki ekudonha, igadziriro inoumbwa yemapolymers anoomeswa nemapurasitiki akajairwa, senge starch uye polyolefin, anosanganiswa mune imwe fomu uye haana kushatiswa zvachose munzvimbo yechisikigo uye anogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechipiri.
3. Mapurasitiki anogona kuparara zvachose
Zvinoenderana nekwavanobva, kune marudzi matatu emapurasitiki anogona kuomeswa zvizere: polymer uye zvinobva pairi, microbial synthetic polymer uye makemikari synthetic polymer. Parizvino, starch plastic ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa komputa inochinjika kurongedza.
4. Natural biodegradable mapurasitiki
Zvisikwa biodegradable mapurasitiki anoreva echisikigo mapurasitiki epolymer, ayo ari biodegradable zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kubva kune zvakasikwa polymer zvinhu zvakaita se starch, cellulose, chitin uye protein. Rudzi urwu rwezvinhu rwunobva kwakasiyana siyana, runogona kuve zvachose biodegradable, uye chigadzirwa chakachengeteka uye chisina chepfu.
Zvichienderana nekushatiswa kwenzira dzakasiyana, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekukumbira, ikozvino isu tinoda kuzivikanwa kwemutengi wezvinhu zvinoomeswa zvinoshatisa zvachose, kushatiswa uye marara kana manyowa, zvinoda kuparara kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvezvinhu zvakaita secarbon dioxide, mvura uye mineralized inorganic salts, inogona kutorwa nyore nyore nemasikirwo kana kudzokorodza zvakare nemasikirwo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2022