1. The biological based plastiki yakaenzana ne biodegradable plastics
Zvinoenderana netsananguro dzakakodzera, bio-based mapurasitiki anoreva mapurasitiki anogadzirwa nehutachiona hwakavakirwa pazvinhu zvakasikwa senge starch. Biomass ye bioplastics synthesis inogona kubva muchibage, nzimbe kana cellulose. Uye biodegradable plastiki, inoreva mamiriro echisikigo (akadai sevhu, jecha nemvura yegungwa, nezvimwewo) kana mamiriro chaiwo (akadai secomposting, anaerobic digestion mamiriro kana tsika yemvura, nezvimwewo), neiyo microbial chiito (senge mabhakitiriya, mold, fungi uye algae, etc.) inokonzera kuparara, uye pakupedzisira yakaora kuita carbon dioxide, methane inorganic yemvura munyu, methane munyu uye munyu mutsva. Bio-based plastics inotsanangurwa uye inorongwa zvichienderana nekwakabva kuumbwa kwezvinhu; Biodegradable plastics, kune rumwe rutivi, inoparadzaniswa kubva pakuguma-kwe-hupenyu maonero. Mune mamwe mazwi, 100% yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinogona kunge zvisingagadzirike, nepo mamwe mapurasitiki epetroleum-based, akadai sebutylene terephthalate (PBAT) uye polycaprolactone (PCL), anogona.
2. Biodegradable inofungidzirwa kuva biodegradable
Plastic degradation inoreva mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza (tembiricha, humidity, unyoro, okisijeni, nezvimwewo) pasi pemhedzisiro yekuchinja kukuru kwechimiro, maitiro ekurasikirwa kwekuita. Inogona kupatsanurwa kuita mechanical degradation, biodegradation, photodegradation, thermo-oxygen degradation uye photooxygen degradation. Kuti purasitiki ichazara biodegrade zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu, zvinosanganisira crystallinity, additives, microorganisms, tembiricha, ambient pH uye nguva. Mukusavapo kwemamiriro akakodzera, mapurasitiki akawanda anoparara haangokwanisi kuita biodegrade zvachose, asi anogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Zvakadai sechikamu chekuora kweokisijeni yezviwedzerwa zvepurasitiki, chete kuputika kwezvinhu, kuparara muzvikamu zvisingaoneki zvepurasitiki.
3. Funga nezve biodegradation pasi pemamiriro eindasitiri composting se biodegradation munzvimbo yechisikigo
Iwe haugone kunyatso dhirowa chiratidzo chakaenzana pakati pezviviri. Mapurasitiki anogadzirwa necompostable ndeye chikamu che biodegradable plastiki. Biodegradable mapurasitiki anosanganisirawo mapurasitiki ane biodegradable nenzira anaerobic. Compostable plastiki inoreva mapurasitiki ari mucompost mamiriro, kuburikidza nekuita kwehutachiona, mune imwe nguva yenguva mucarbon dioxide, mvura uye mineralized inorganic munyu uye zvinhu zvitsva zviri mukati mezvinhu, uye pakupedzisira yakagadzira compost inorema simbi yemukati, chepfu bvunzo, yakasara marara inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvezviyero zvinoenderana. Compostable mapurasitiki anogona kukamurwazve kuita manyowa eindasitiri uye manyowa ebindu. Mapurasitiki anosungirirwa pamusika anonyanya kusvibiswa mapurasitiki pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira manyowa. Nokuti pasi pemamiriro epurasitiki yemakompositi ndeye biodegradable, saka, kana akaraswa compostable plastiki (yakadai semvura, ivhu) munzvimbo yakasikwa, kuparara kwepurasitiki mumamiriro echisikigo kunononoka, hakugoni kuderedzwa zvachose munguva pfupi, yakadai se carbon dioxide nemvura yezvakaipa zvayo pazvakatipoteredza uye mapurasitiki echinyakare, hapana mutsauko wakakura. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakataurwa kuti mapurasitiki anoodegradable, kana akasanganiswa nemamwe mapurasitiki anogona kudzokororwa, anogona kuderedza zvivakwa uye kushanda kwezvinhu zvakadzokororwa. Semuenzaniso, starch mu polylactic acid inogona kutungamirira kumakomba uye mavara mufirimu yakagadzirwa kubva kupurasitiki yakadzokororwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2022